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Tareekh-e-Saltanat-e-Langah written by Muhammad Faiz-ul-Maram, provides a historical account of the Langah Sultanate, which was established in the Multan region of southern Punjab during the 15th century
Historical Context and Origin
Establishment: The sultanate was founded in 841 AH (1438 AD) during a period of political instability in India following the invasion of Amir Timur
. Regional Significance: The central territory of this kingdom was Southern Punjab, with Multan serving as its capital; consequently, it is often referred to as the "Sultanate of Multan"
. Pre-Langah Multan: Before the Langahs, Multan was under the influence of the Sayyid dynasty, and at one point, Bahlul Khan Lodi was appointed as the governor of the region
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The Langah Tribe
Identity: While some historians classify the Langah as Rajputs, the author notes that they were a prominent tribe in the region that eventually consolidated power
. Leadership: The tribe was united under a leader whom they accepted as their Sultan, adopting royal titles typical of Islamic monarchies of that era
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Internal Conflicts and Decline
Political Strife: The narrative describes "the seeds of hypocrisy and discord" being sown within the sultanate
. Succession Issues: Following the death of Sultan Mahmud, the inexperience and poor temperament of Shuja-ul-Mulk led to immediate friction with the state's amirs (nobles)
. Power Struggles: The royal ladies and Shuja-ul-Mulk were accused of establishing a monopoly over government affairs, which weakened the "pillars of the state" and led to internal collapse
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The Arghun Invasion
Military Defeat: Taking advantage of the internal divisions, the Arghun army, led by Mirza, launched an attack on the Langah forces
. The Fall of Multan: Despite some resistance near the Sutlej River, the Arghun forces eventually breached the gates of the Multan fort, leading to the massacre of opponents and the end of Langah dominance
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